REVIEW PAPER
The influence of adipose tissue and selected adipokines on insulin resistance and development of diabetes mellitus type 2
1
Klinika Diabetologii Instytut Medycyny Wsi im. Witolda Chodźki w Lublinie
2
II Klinika Chirurgii Ogólnej, Gastroenterologicznej i Nowotworów Układu Pokarmowego Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 1 w Lublinie
3
Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 1 w Lublinie
4
Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Nadciśnienia Tętniczego z Pododdziałem Chorób Zawodowych i Szybkiej Diagnostyki Instytut Medycyny Wsi im. Witolda Chodźki w Lublinie
Corresponding author
Patrycja Kamila Kozak-Nurczyk
Klinika Diabetologii Instytut Medycyny Wsi im. Witolda Chodźki w Lublinie, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Polska
Klinika Diabetologii Instytut Medycyny Wsi im. Witolda Chodźki w Lublinie, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Polska
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2018;24(4):210-213
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
Obesity is a predisposing factor for the development of insulin resistance and, as a consequence, diabetes mellitus type 2. The decrease in insulin sensitivity in obesity results from a disorder of glucose homeostasis, causing hyperinsulinaemia and disposal of the pancreatic reserve. These processes can be regulated by various compounds produced by fat cells such as, free fatty acids and adipokines. The aim of the study is to present the influence of adipose tissue and its products on insulin resistance.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Fatty tissue can be divided into white and brown. Brown adipose tissue is particularly interesting because of its beneficial effects that may be important in obesity and diabetes protection. It provides postprandial thermogenesis, which allows excess energy to dissipate in the form of heat. Adipose tissue can also be divided in terms of its location as subcutaneous and visceral (VAT). VAT is a very metabolically active tissue. It releases many hormones, cytokines and metabolites. Adipokines are active biological substances produced exclusively by fat cells that combine the functions of hormones and cytokines. They have influence on many physiological processes such as carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, angiogenesis or atherogenesis. This work focuses on the most important adipokines that may have a potential role in limiting the phenomenon of insulin resistance.
Summary:
Visceral fat tissue has become a promising place for the search of substances and mechanisms used in treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Obesity is a predisposing factor for the development of insulin resistance and, as a consequence, diabetes mellitus type 2. The decrease in insulin sensitivity in obesity results from a disorder of glucose homeostasis, causing hyperinsulinaemia and disposal of the pancreatic reserve. These processes can be regulated by various compounds produced by fat cells such as, free fatty acids and adipokines. The aim of the study is to present the influence of adipose tissue and its products on insulin resistance.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Fatty tissue can be divided into white and brown. Brown adipose tissue is particularly interesting because of its beneficial effects that may be important in obesity and diabetes protection. It provides postprandial thermogenesis, which allows excess energy to dissipate in the form of heat. Adipose tissue can also be divided in terms of its location as subcutaneous and visceral (VAT). VAT is a very metabolically active tissue. It releases many hormones, cytokines and metabolites. Adipokines are active biological substances produced exclusively by fat cells that combine the functions of hormones and cytokines. They have influence on many physiological processes such as carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, angiogenesis or atherogenesis. This work focuses on the most important adipokines that may have a potential role in limiting the phenomenon of insulin resistance.
Summary:
Visceral fat tissue has become a promising place for the search of substances and mechanisms used in treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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