RESEARCH PAPER
Impact of physical activity on fatness level in young women
1
Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2013;19(2):188-192
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The risk of cardiovascular system diseases, different metabolic diseases or cancers are strongly connected with the level of fatness. Fat tissue deficiency, as well as excessive body fatness, causes fertility disorders and also health problems in the foetus. This is especially important for young women at the beginning of their reproductive stage of life. The level of adipose tissue, inherited in multigenic trait, is easy influenced by external factors – i.e. physical activity. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the diversity of fatness in young females varied with the level of physical activity.
Material and Methods:
Anthropometric and questionnaire research was conducted on 175 female students of the AWF Wrocław. The fatness level was estimated on the basis of measurements of skinfolds. The indices of fatness and body build proportions were calculated, also body compositions was evaluated with use of Slaughter-Lohman-Boileau et al. regression equation for females. The level of physical activity was defined according to WHO standards, including leisure time activity and work activity (connected with their studies).
Results:
The presented research indicated that the thickness of analyzed skinfolds, as well as the proportion of fat mass in body mass, decreases together with the increasing activity of women. The differences in body mass index (BMI) and distribution of fatness (evaluated based on the WHR) were not significant in female groups and varied with the level of physical of activity.
Conclusions:
The presented data support the opinion about the protective influence of physical activity on fat accumulation in young women. The most active women were also the slimmest.
The risk of cardiovascular system diseases, different metabolic diseases or cancers are strongly connected with the level of fatness. Fat tissue deficiency, as well as excessive body fatness, causes fertility disorders and also health problems in the foetus. This is especially important for young women at the beginning of their reproductive stage of life. The level of adipose tissue, inherited in multigenic trait, is easy influenced by external factors – i.e. physical activity. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the diversity of fatness in young females varied with the level of physical activity.
Material and Methods:
Anthropometric and questionnaire research was conducted on 175 female students of the AWF Wrocław. The fatness level was estimated on the basis of measurements of skinfolds. The indices of fatness and body build proportions were calculated, also body compositions was evaluated with use of Slaughter-Lohman-Boileau et al. regression equation for females. The level of physical activity was defined according to WHO standards, including leisure time activity and work activity (connected with their studies).
Results:
The presented research indicated that the thickness of analyzed skinfolds, as well as the proportion of fat mass in body mass, decreases together with the increasing activity of women. The differences in body mass index (BMI) and distribution of fatness (evaluated based on the WHR) were not significant in female groups and varied with the level of physical of activity.
Conclusions:
The presented data support the opinion about the protective influence of physical activity on fat accumulation in young women. The most active women were also the slimmest.
REFERENCES (35)
1.
Brook CG, Huntley RM, Slack J. Influence of heredity and environment in determination of skinfold thickness in children. Br Med J. 1975; 2:.
2.
Selby JV, Newman B, Quesenberry CP Jr, Fabsitz RR, King MC, Meaney FJ. Evidence of genetic influence on central body fat in middle-aged twins. Hum Biol. 1989; 61(2):179–194.
3.
Cardon LR, Carmelli D, Fabsitz RR, Reed T. Genetic and environmental correlations between obesity and body fat distribution in adult male twins. Hum Biol. 1994; 66(3): 465–479.
4.
Vaitkevicius PV, Fleg JL, Engel JH, O›Connor FC, Wright JG, Lakatta LE, i wsp. Effects of age and aerobic capacity on arterial stiffness in healthy adults. Circulation. 1993; 88(4Pt 1): 1456–1462.
5.
Boreham C, Twisk J, Murray L, Savage M, Strain JJ, Cran G. Fitness, fatness and coronary heart disease risk in adolescents: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Med Science Sports Exerc. 2001; 33(2): 270–274.
6.
Weinstein AR, Sesso HD, Lee IM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE i wsp. Relationship of physical activity vs body mass index with type 2 diabetes in women. JAMA. 2004; 292(10): 1188–1194.
7.
Lee DC, Park I, Jun TW, Nam BH, Cho SI, Blair SN, i wsp. Physical Activity and Body Mass Index and Their Associations With the Development of Type 2Diabetes in Korean Men. Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 176(1): 43–51.
8.
Jebb S, Moore MS. Contribution of a sedentary lifestyle and inactivity to the etiology of overweight and obesity: current evidence and research issues. Med Science Sports Exerc. 1999; 31(11): 534–541.
9.
Ross R, Janssen I. Physical activity, total and regional obesity: dose- -response considerations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001; 33(6): 521–527.
10.
Mota J, Santos P, Guerra S, Ribeiro JC, Duarte J. Difference of daily physical activity levels of children according to body mass index. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2002; 14: 442–452.
11.
Recommended levels of physical activity for adults aged 18 – 64 years and Benefits of physical activity for adults. http://www.who.int/dietphysica... factsheet_adults/en/index.html (dostęp: 2012.09.11).
12.
Boyle T, Bull F, Fritschi L, Heyworth J. Resistance training and the risk of colon and rectal cancers. Cancer Cause Control. 2012; 23(7): 1091–1097.
13.
Szczepańska J, Wądołowska L. Badanie częstości spożycia wybranych źrodeł tłuszczu wśrod kobiet o rożnej masie ciała i zawartości tłuszczu w ciele. Bromat Chem Toksykol. 2011; XLIV(3): 290–297.
15.
Andersen RE, Crespo CJ, Bartlett SJ, Cheskin LJ, Pratt M. Relationship of Physical Activity and Television Watching With Body Weight and Level of Fatness Among Children. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 1998; 279(12): 938–942.
16.
Kohl HW, Hobbs KE. Development of Physical Activity Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 1998; 101(Supp. 2): 549–554.
17.
Bronson FH, Manning JM. The energetic regulation of ovulation: a realistic role for body fat. Biol Reprod. 1991; 44(6): 945–950.
18.
Kirchengast S, Huber J. Body composition characteristics and body fat distribution in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2001; 16(6): 1255–1260.
19.
Cedergren M. Maternal Morbid Obesity and the Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome. Obstet Gyn. 2004; 103(2): 219–224.
20.
Martin R, Saller K. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie in systematischer Darstellung. Band I. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1959.
21.
Slaughter MH, Lohman TG, Boileau RA, Horswill CA, Stillman RJ, van Loan MD i wsp. Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youths. Hum Biol. 1988; 60(5): 709–723.
22.
WHO. Intensity of physical activity. http://www.who.int/dietphysica... physical_activity_intensity/en/index.html (dostęp: 2012.09.11).
23.
Kromhout D, Bloemberg B, Seidell JC, Nissinen A, Menotti A. Physical activity and dietary fiber determine population body fat levels: the seven countries study. Int J Obesity. 2001; 25(3): 301–306.
24.
Washburn RA, Adams LL, Haile GT. Physical activity assessment for epidemiologic research: the utility of two simplified approaches. Prev Med. 1987; 16(5): 636–646.
25.
Palatini P. Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise in Young Hypertensives. Int J Sports Med. 2012; 33(9): 683–690.
26.
Moghadam M, Hajikazemi E, RoozberM F, Hoshyar rad A, Fatemeh Hosseini A. Relationship between Physical Activity and Triceps Skin Fold Thickness in adolescent girl students. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2011; 24(69): 62–68.
27.
Janz KF, Kwon S, Letuchy EM, Eichenberger Gilmore JM, Burns TL, Torner JC i wsp. Sustained Effect of Early Physical Activity on Body Fat Mass in Older Children. Am J Prev Med. 2009; 37(1): 35–40.
28.
Riddoch CJ, Leary SD, Ness AR, Blair SN, Deere K, Mattocks C i wsp. Prospective associations between objective measures of physical activity and fat mass in 12–14 year old children: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Br Med J. 2009; 339: b4544.
29.
Saavedra JM, Garcia‐Hermoso A, Escalante Y. Effects of Exercise and/ or Diet Programs on Kinanthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Children: a Pilot Study. J Hum Kin. 2011; 29: 67‐78.
30.
Swartz AM, Evans MJ, King GA, Thompson DL. Evaluation of a foot- -to-foot bioelectrical impedance analyser in highly active, moderately active and less active young men. Br J Nutr. 2002; 88(2): 205–210.
31.
Gutin B, Yin Z, Humphries MC, Barbeau P. Relations of moderate and vigorous physical activity to fitness and fatness in adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 81(4): 746–750.
33.
WHO. Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio: http://whqlibdoc. who.int/publications/2011/9789241501491_eng.pdf (dostęp: 2012.09.11).
34.
Tremblay A, Despres JP, Leblanc C, Craig CL, Ferris B, Stephens T i wsp. Effect of intensity of physical activity on body fatness and fat distribution. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990; 51(2): 153–157.
35.
Trichopoulou A, Gnardellis C, Lagiou A, Benetou V, Naska A, Trichopoulos D. Physical activity and energy intake selectively predict the waist-to-hip ratio in men but not in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 74(5): 574–578.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2084-4905 |
| ISSN: | 2083-4543 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
