REVIEW PAPER
Ebola virus - a still unfamiliar opponent.
1
Koło Naukowe, Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
2
Zakład Wirusologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
3
Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2012;18(4):379-382
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The Ebola virus is classified to the Filoviridae genus. The mortality rate of haemorrhagic fever fluctuates between 50%-90%.
There are 5 types of this pathogen, named according to place of prevalence – Ebola-Sudan (SEBOV), Ebola-Zaire (ZEBOV), Ebola-Cote d›Ivore (CIEBOV), Ebola-Reston (REBOV) and Ebola-Bundibugyo (BEV).
Objective: To draw the attention of the public to the problem of Ebolavirus infection, and to review the prophylactic methods used. Ebola virus can be transmitted by contact with the conjunctiva, musoca of the larynx or small skin lesions. The term of incubation lasts 2-21 days. The first symptoms: fever with chills and pains in muscles and joints, can be misleading. Hence, influenza is often confused with haemorrhagic fever. The leading cause of death is Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS), which consists of hypotensia, DIC and focal necrosis. There is still no etiotropic treatment for haemorrhagic fever. The vaccine is still the object of survey and clinical trials. In the future, a plasmid vaccine or vaccine with attenuated virus might be used. Inoculation with vaccines containing VIZV or adenovirus are also a possibility. Because of the non-existence of etiotropic treatment and methods of specific immunization, Ebolavirus infection still poses a threat for humans. Non-specific prophylaxis, such as HEPA masks, gloves and aprons are the only way to avoid transmission of the disease.
Key words: Ebola virus, Ebola haemorrhagic fever, SEBOV, ZEBOV
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