RESEARCH PAPER
Knowledge of immunization among parents of children under two years of age
1
NZOZ Centrum medyczne ul. Frysztacka 20, 43-400 Cieszyn
2
Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Katedra Pielęgniarstwa i Ratownictwa Medycznego, Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej, Bielsko-Biała
3
1. Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Katedra Pielęgniarstwa i Ratownictwa Medycznego, Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej, Bielsko-Biała; 2. Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Klinika Pediatrii, Katowice
Corresponding author
Wioletta Waksmańska
Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała
Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej, ul. Willowa 2, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2016;22(3):221-226
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Immunity is the primary mechanism which enables the functioning of the organism in the natural environment. With the increasing numbers of people being immunized in a given population, the risk of becoming ill by a susceptible person is reduced.
Aim of study:
The aim of the study was to obtain information about the level of knowledge of immunization among parents, and to determine whether the number of children vaccinated with combined vaccines exceeds the number of children vaccinated with free vaccines. Also, to check what factors have an influence on the purchase of combined vaccines.
Material and Methods:
The research was conducted using the method of a diagnostic survey among parents of children under two years of age. The results of the survey were developed using Excel Windows, the test χ² (chi – square) and Fisher’s exact test were also used.
Results:
As many as 89% of parents are aware of infectious diseases against which vaccination is performed. According to the immunization schedule, 14% of children have not been vaccinated. The vaccination against pneumococci was recommended and most frequently chosen. 63% of respondents bought combined vaccine formulas. It was shown that the higher the education of parents, the higher the percentage of those who bought combined vaccine formulas.
Conclusions:
1. The level of knowledge among parents about infectious diseases and vaccination against these diseases and possible unwanted side-effects after vaccination is satisfactory. 2. Despite the fact that for a large number of parents the price of combined vaccines is a financial obstacle, the number of children vaccinated with combined vaccines exceeds the number of those vaccinated with free vaccines. 3. Parents’ education is a factor which influences the purchase of combined vaccines. 4. Parents’ informed choice of combined vaccines and the fact that there is a large financial obstacle connected with their purchase should encourage considering at least a partial refund for combined vaccines.
Immunity is the primary mechanism which enables the functioning of the organism in the natural environment. With the increasing numbers of people being immunized in a given population, the risk of becoming ill by a susceptible person is reduced.
Aim of study:
The aim of the study was to obtain information about the level of knowledge of immunization among parents, and to determine whether the number of children vaccinated with combined vaccines exceeds the number of children vaccinated with free vaccines. Also, to check what factors have an influence on the purchase of combined vaccines.
Material and Methods:
The research was conducted using the method of a diagnostic survey among parents of children under two years of age. The results of the survey were developed using Excel Windows, the test χ² (chi – square) and Fisher’s exact test were also used.
Results:
As many as 89% of parents are aware of infectious diseases against which vaccination is performed. According to the immunization schedule, 14% of children have not been vaccinated. The vaccination against pneumococci was recommended and most frequently chosen. 63% of respondents bought combined vaccine formulas. It was shown that the higher the education of parents, the higher the percentage of those who bought combined vaccine formulas.
Conclusions:
1. The level of knowledge among parents about infectious diseases and vaccination against these diseases and possible unwanted side-effects after vaccination is satisfactory. 2. Despite the fact that for a large number of parents the price of combined vaccines is a financial obstacle, the number of children vaccinated with combined vaccines exceeds the number of those vaccinated with free vaccines. 3. Parents’ education is a factor which influences the purchase of combined vaccines. 4. Parents’ informed choice of combined vaccines and the fact that there is a large financial obstacle connected with their purchase should encourage considering at least a partial refund for combined vaccines.
REFERENCES (25)
1.
Wysocki J. Co to jest wakcynologia? W: Magdzik W, Naruszewicz-Lesiuk D, Zieliński A. (red.). Wakcynologia, α-press, Bielsko-Biała 2007: 19.
2.
Grzesiowski P. Uodpornienie człowieka i jego rodzaje. W: Magdzik W, Naruszewicz-Lesiuk D, Zieliński A. (red.). Wakcynologia, α-press, Bielsko-Biała 2007: 30–40.
3.
Mrożek-Budzyn D. Wakcynologia praktyczna, wydanie III, α-medica press, Drukarnia Narodowa S.A. 2012: 16–17.
4.
Komunikat Głównego Inspektora Sanitarnego z dnia 30 października 2014 r. w sprawie Programu Szczepień Ochronnych na 2015 rok. Dz. Urz. Min. Zdr. poz. 72.
5.
Państwowy Zakład Higieny. Meldunki epidemiologiczne. Biuletyn roczny Szczepienia ochronne w Polsce za rok 2014; http://wwworld. pzh.gov.pl/oldpage/epimeld/2014/Sz 2014 Wstepne dane.pdf. (dostęp: 14.06.2015).
6.
Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 21 grudnia 2010 r. w sprawie niepożądanych odczynów poszczepiennych oraz kryteriów ich rozpo-znawania. Dz. U. z 2010 r. nr 254, poz. 1711.
7.
Janaszek-Seydlitz W. Bezpieczeństwo szczepionek. W: Magdzik W, Naruszewicz-Lesiuk D, Zieliński A. (red.). Wakcynologia, α-press, Bielsko-Biała 2007: 110.
8.
Calandrillo S. Vanishing Vaccinations: Why Are So Many Americans Opting Out of Vaccinating their Children? University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 2004; 37: 353.
9.
Jaroszewska K, Marciniak A, Gawlak M, Życińska K, Waedyn K, Nitsch-Osuch A. Postrzeganie aktywności ruchów szczepionkowych przez rodziców małych dzieci. Post Nauk Med. 2014; 27(9): 617–621.
10.
Rogalska J, Augustynowicz E, Gzyl A, Stefanoff P. Postawy rodziców wobec szczepień ochronnych w Polsce. Przegl Epidemiol. 2010; 64: 91–97.
11.
Rogalska J, Augustynowicz E, Gzyl A, Stefanoff P. Źródła informacji oraz wiedza rodziców na temat szczepień ochronnych w Polsce. Przegl Epidemiol. 2010; 64: 83–90.
12.
Gawlik K, Woś H, Waksmańska W, Łukasik R. Opinie rodziców na temat szczepień ochronnych u dzieci. MONZ 2014; 20(4): 360–364.
13.
Kochman D, Rudzińska T. Znaczenie edukacji rodziców w kontekście szczepień obowiązkowych i zalecanych u dzieci w wieku 0–2 lat. Probl Pielęg. 2008; 16, 1, 2: 163–172.
14.
Lipska E, Lewińska M, Górnicka G. Realizacja szczepień zalecanych u dzieci i opinie rodziców. Nowa Med. 2013; 2: 43–48.
15.
WHO. Vaccines and immunization: http://www..euro.who.int/en/ health-topics/disease-prevention/vaccines-and-immunization. (do¬stęp: 13.06.2015).
16.
WHO. Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability: http://www.who. int/bulletin/volumes/86/2/07–040089/en. (dostęp: 13.06.2015).
17.
Ustawa z dnia 5 grudnia 2008 r. o zapobieganiu oraz zwalczaniu zakażeń i chorób zakaźnych u ludzi. Dz. U. z dnia 30 grudnia 2008, nr 234, poz. 1570.
18.
Bednarek A, Zarzycka D. Potrzeba i założenia nowoczesnej edukacji na przykładzie szczepień ochronnych. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2015; 96, 1: 1–7.
19.
Czajka H, Sawiec P. Od programu szczepień ochronnych do indywidualnych rozwiązań czyli jak stworzyć program szczepień w zależności od potrzeb i możliwości. Med Prakt. 2013; 3: 36–43.
20.
Nitsch-Osuch A, Kozerska A, Topczewska-Cabanek A, Życińska K, Wardyn K. Realization of immunization schedule with recommended vaccines among children from one general practice. Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2012; 14(3): 410–413.
21.
Pomian-Osiak A, Owłasiuk A, Gryko A, Bielska D, Chlabicz S. Vaccination of children at the age of 0–2 with combination and recommended vaccines – assessment of the frequency of use and the knowledge of parents. Probl Med Rodz. 2014; 3: 18–27.
22.
Jackowska T, Kłyszewska M. Realizacja szczepień zalecanych u dzieci i ocena świadomości ich rodziców. Pediatr Pol. 2010; 85(3): 201–206.
23.
Wróblewska I, Baran A, Sochacka L, Steciwko A. Parents and children participating in prophylactic vaccination program pro health awareness. Fam Med Prim Care Rev. 2011; 13(3): 530–535.
24.
Koperny M, Bała K, Seweryn M, Żak J. Analiza występowania niepożądanych odczynów poszczepiennych w Polsce w latach 2003–2012. Probl Hig Epidemiol. 2014; 95(3):609–615.
25.
Cędrowska B, Olejniczak D. Edukacja zdrowotna kobiet ciężarnych na temat szczepień ochronnych ich dzieci. Nowa Pediatr. 2014; 2: 50–55.
| eISSN: | 2084-4905 |
| ISSN: | 2083-4543 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
