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Wprowadzenie i cel:
Otyłość jest chorobą, która rozwija się wskutek występowania lub współwystępowania różnych czynników. Do tej pory nie udało się powiązać wybranego typu osobowości z otyłością, ale wiele cech obserwowanych u osób otyłych znajduje odzwierciedlenie w osobowości typu D. Znając typ osobowości pacjenta bądź wybrane cechy tej osobowości, można poprawić jego funkcjonowanie psychologiczne w chorobie, co ma szczególne znaczenie w przypadku chorób przewlekłych, do których należy otyłość. Głównym celem pracy było określenie częstości występowania osobowości typu D wśród pacjentów z otyłością. Podjęto również próbę oceny zależności między postrzeganiem ciała a występowaniem osobowości stresowej wśród osób otyłych.

Materiał i metody:
Grupę badaną stanowiło 443 pacjentów z BMI ≥ 30, hospitalizowanych w wybranych placówkach szpitalnych na terenie województwa śląskiego. Badanie polegało na wypełnieniu: autorskiej ankiety, Skali do Pomiaru Osobowości Typu D (DS14) oraz Kwestionariusza Wizerunku Ciała (KWCO-40).

Wyniki:
Odsetek osób z osobowością typu D wśród badanych pacjentów otyłych wyniósł prawie 40%. Rzeczywista częstość występowania osobowości typu D wśród otyłych mieściła się w przedziale 95% PU: (33,6–42,6%), osobowość typu innego niż D w granicach 95% PU: (28,3–37,1%), a osobowości pośredniej w przedziale 95% PU: (24,8–33,3%). Częstość występowania poszczególnych typów osobowości u kobiet i mężczyzn nie różniła się istotnie (p = 0,9). Największe niezadowolenie z wizerunku ciała stwierdzono wśród badanych o osobowości typu D, kobiet oraz osób z III klasą otyłości.

Wnioski:
Zrozumienie i zidentyfikowanie czynników wpływających na rosnący problem otyłości nie jest łatwe, jednak na podstawie niniejszych badań przypuszcza się, że pewną rolę w rozwoju tego zaburzenia może odgrywać typ osobowości.


Introduction and objective:
Obesity is a disease that develops due to the occurrence or co-occurrence of various factors. So far, it has not been possible to link a selected personality type to obesity, but many of the traits observed in obese people are reflected in the type D personality. Understanding a patient›s personality type or selected traits of this personality, allow improvement of the psychological functioning of the patient in the disease. This is particularly important in the case of chronic diseases, to which obesity belongs. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of type D personality among obese patients. There was also an attempt to assess the relationship between body perception and the occurrence of stress personality among obese people.

Material and methods:
The study group consisted of 443 patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, hospitalized in selected hospital facilities in the Silesia Province inj south-west Poland. The following research tools were used: the author's questionnaire, Type D Scale-14 (DS14), and the Body Image Questionnaire (KWCO-40).

Results:
The prevalence of type D personality among obese patients was almost 40%. The actual prevalence of type D personality among obese patients was within 95% CI: (33.6% – 42.6%), while non-type D personality was within 95% CI: (28.3% – 37.1%), and intermediate personality within 95% CI: (24.8% – 33.3%). The most dissatisfaction with body image was found among respondents with type D personality, women, and those with Class III obesity.

Conclusions:
Understanding and identifying the factors that influence the increasing problem of obesity is difficult, but based on the present study, the assumption is made that personality type may play a role in the development of this disorder.

Buczkowska M, Górski M, Malinowska-Borowska J, Buczkowski K, Nowak P. Type D personality in obese patients, including selected aspects of body image. Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2023; 29(4): 299–308. doi: 10.26444/monz/171431
 
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