REVIEW PAPER
Toxicokinetics and toxicity of nanoparticles in the course of inhalation exposure
1
Zakład Biologii Molekularnej i Badań Translacyjnych, Instytut Medycyny Wsi w Lublinie
Corresponding author
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2020;26(3):221-229
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The modern dynamic development of nanotechnology provides many benefits to society. Due to almost unlimited manipulations of the matter at the nanoscale, nanomaterials (NMs) are created, which show different physicochemical properties compared to their counterparts of larger sizes.
Objective:
The aim of this study is presentation of the factors determining the toxicokinetic behaviour of NPs due to inhalation exposure, and the potential fate of NPs in the respiratory system, as well as the toxic effects of their interaction with biological structures. The latest progress and limitations related to the assessment and management of risk of exposure to NPs are discussed.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The ability to give NMs the desired characteristics translates into a wide range of applications of these materials in almost every area of life. This entails an increasing risk of human exposure to NMs, including NPs, which should not be treated analogously to other chemical pollutants. NPs exceed the protective barriers of the body by the dermal, ingestion and inhalation routes; however, the latter is of the greatest importance in relation to the toxic effects of exposure. Many engineered NPs have the ability to overcome the physical, biochemical and cellular barriers of the respiratory system and pass through the respiratory surface into the bloodstream.
Conclusions:
Toxicological risk assessment of exposure to NMs should occur simultaneously with the development of new NMs to ensure human health and safety, and environmental protection. A thorough study of the toxicokinetics of inhaled NPs, therefore, is of great importance for a reliable exposure risk assessment.
The modern dynamic development of nanotechnology provides many benefits to society. Due to almost unlimited manipulations of the matter at the nanoscale, nanomaterials (NMs) are created, which show different physicochemical properties compared to their counterparts of larger sizes.
Objective:
The aim of this study is presentation of the factors determining the toxicokinetic behaviour of NPs due to inhalation exposure, and the potential fate of NPs in the respiratory system, as well as the toxic effects of their interaction with biological structures. The latest progress and limitations related to the assessment and management of risk of exposure to NPs are discussed.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The ability to give NMs the desired characteristics translates into a wide range of applications of these materials in almost every area of life. This entails an increasing risk of human exposure to NMs, including NPs, which should not be treated analogously to other chemical pollutants. NPs exceed the protective barriers of the body by the dermal, ingestion and inhalation routes; however, the latter is of the greatest importance in relation to the toxic effects of exposure. Many engineered NPs have the ability to overcome the physical, biochemical and cellular barriers of the respiratory system and pass through the respiratory surface into the bloodstream.
Conclusions:
Toxicological risk assessment of exposure to NMs should occur simultaneously with the development of new NMs to ensure human health and safety, and environmental protection. A thorough study of the toxicokinetics of inhaled NPs, therefore, is of great importance for a reliable exposure risk assessment.
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