PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
Toksykokinetyka i toksyczność nanocząstek w przebiegu narażenia inhalacyjnego
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Zakład Biologii Molekularnej i Badań Translacyjnych, Instytut Medycyny Wsi w Lublinie
Autor do korespondencji
Berta Fal
Zakład Biologii Molekularnej i Badań Translacyjnych, Instytut Medycyny Wsi w Lublinie
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2020;26(3):221-229
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie i cel pracy:
Współczesny dynamiczny rozwój nanotechnologii zapewnia społeczeństwu wiele korzyści. Za sprawą niemal nieograniczonych manipulacji materią w na-noskali powstają nanomateriały (NMs), wykazujące odmienne właściwości fizykochemiczne w porównaniu do swoich odpowiedników o większych rozmiarach. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie czynników determinujących zachowanie toksykokinetyczne nanocząstek (NPs) wskutek narażenia inhalacyjnego oraz potencjalnych losów NPs w układzie oddechowym i toksycznych efektów ich oddziaływań ze strukturami biologicznymi. Omówiono w niej najnowsze postępy i ograniczenia związane z oceną i zarządzaniem ryzykiem narażenia na NPs
Skrócony opis stanu wiedzy:
Możliwość nadawania NMs pożądanych cech przekłada się na szeroki wachlarz ich zastosowań niemal w każdej dziedzinie życia. Pociąga to za sobą rosnące ryzyko narażenia ludzi na NMs, w tym NPs, których nie należy traktować analogicznie do innych zanieczyszczeń chemicznych. NPs przekraczają bariery ochronne organizmu zarówno drogą dermalną, pokarmową, jak i inhalacyjną, jednak ta ostatnia ma największe znaczenie w odniesieniu do toksycznych efektów ekspozycji. Wiele projektowanych NPs wykazuje zdolność pokonywania barier fizycznych, biochemicznych oraz komórkowych układu oddechowego i przejścia przez powierzchnię oddechową do krwiobiegu.
Podsumowanie:
Toksykologiczna ocena ryzyka narażenia na NMs powinna zachodzić równocześnie z opracowywaniem nowych NMs, w celu zapewnienia zdrowia i bezpieczeństwa ludzi oraz ochrony środowiska. Dokładne zbadanie toksykokinetyki wdychanych NPs ma zatem ogromne znaczenie dla wiarygodnego oszacowania ryzyka ekspozycji.
Introduction:
The modern dynamic development of nanotechnology provides many benefits to society. Due to almost unlimited manipulations of the matter at the nanoscale, nanomaterials (NMs) are created, which show different physicochemical properties compared to their counterparts of larger sizes.
Objective:
The aim of this study is presentation of the factors determining the toxicokinetic behaviour of NPs due to inhalation exposure, and the potential fate of NPs in the respiratory system, as well as the toxic effects of their interaction with biological structures. The latest progress and limitations related to the assessment and management of risk of exposure to NPs are discussed.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The ability to give NMs the desired characteristics translates into a wide range of applications of these materials in almost every area of life. This entails an increasing risk of human exposure to NMs, including NPs, which should not be treated analogously to other chemical pollutants. NPs exceed the protective barriers of the body by the dermal, ingestion and inhalation routes; however, the latter is of the greatest importance in relation to the toxic effects of exposure. Many engineered NPs have the ability to overcome the physical, biochemical and cellular barriers of the respiratory system and pass through the respiratory surface into the bloodstream.
Conclusions:
Toxicological risk assessment of exposure to NMs should occur simultaneously with the development of new NMs to ensure human health and safety, and environmental protection. A thorough study of the toxicokinetics of inhaled NPs, therefore, is of great importance for a reliable exposure risk assessment.
FINANSOWANIE
Umowa nr POWR.03.02.00-00-I002/17-00
Fal B, Czajka M, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Sawicki K, Kapka-Skrzypczak L.. Toksykokinetyka i toksyczność nanocząstek w przebiegu narażenia inhalacyjnego. Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2020; 26(3): 221–229. doi: 10.26444/monz/124761
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