RESEARCH PAPER
Social support for patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic control of the disease
1
Warsaw Medical University, Poland
2
Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
Corresponding author
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2020;26(1):42-47
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
To achieve normoglycaemia and maintain correct parameters of disease compensation, as well as analysis of the impact of social support on the values of metabolic control parameters of type 2 diabetes.
Material and methods:
The study involved 79 patients with type 2 diabetes staying in a diabetology clinic. To collect the research material, the Social Support Scale (S4-MAD) and the results of patient measurements and tests were used, such as blood pressure, weight, height, and laboratory test results: glycated haemoglobin, full lipidogram (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL).
Results:
Patients received the most support in the field of nutrition (S = 46.9/100 points), the least in the field of foot care (S = 25.3/100 points). With the increase in social support in 4 sub-scales of the MAD-4 scale, a decrease in diastolic blood pressure was demonstrated. Greater support in the area of self-control resulted in lowering the total cholesterol value, in the area of cigarette smoking, in lowering systolic and diastolic pressure.
Conclusions:
Patients who receiving higher social support have better metabolic control results. Due to the low level of social support for patients with diabetes, healthcare professionals should include family members in education and care whenever possible to provide more support to patients and pay more attention to non-clinical factors in addressing diabetes-related problems. They should also remember that interventions based on psychosocial approaches may not necessarily improve the metabolic control assessed by the values of clinical indicators, but they can affect the quality of life of patients.
To achieve normoglycaemia and maintain correct parameters of disease compensation, as well as analysis of the impact of social support on the values of metabolic control parameters of type 2 diabetes.
Material and methods:
The study involved 79 patients with type 2 diabetes staying in a diabetology clinic. To collect the research material, the Social Support Scale (S4-MAD) and the results of patient measurements and tests were used, such as blood pressure, weight, height, and laboratory test results: glycated haemoglobin, full lipidogram (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL).
Results:
Patients received the most support in the field of nutrition (S = 46.9/100 points), the least in the field of foot care (S = 25.3/100 points). With the increase in social support in 4 sub-scales of the MAD-4 scale, a decrease in diastolic blood pressure was demonstrated. Greater support in the area of self-control resulted in lowering the total cholesterol value, in the area of cigarette smoking, in lowering systolic and diastolic pressure.
Conclusions:
Patients who receiving higher social support have better metabolic control results. Due to the low level of social support for patients with diabetes, healthcare professionals should include family members in education and care whenever possible to provide more support to patients and pay more attention to non-clinical factors in addressing diabetes-related problems. They should also remember that interventions based on psychosocial approaches may not necessarily improve the metabolic control assessed by the values of clinical indicators, but they can affect the quality of life of patients.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank the head of the clinic, Piotr Raszczepkin, who agreed to the research and helped in collecting the data.
FUNDING
The study was performed without financial support.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
REFERENCES (33)
1.
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org Dostęp: 14.06.2019.
2.
2019 Guidelines on the management of diabetic patients. A position of Diabetes Poland. Clin Diabet 2019; 8, 1.
3.
Trief P, Ouimette P, Wade M, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder and diabetes: Co-morbidity and outcomes in a male veterana sample. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2006; 29(5): 411–418.
4.
Cohen M, Kanter Y. Relation between sense of coherence and glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Behavioral Medicine 2006; 29(4): 175–183.
5.
Guevara C, Nicolalde M, Amoroso A, et al. Association between sense of coherence and metabolic control in people with diabetes mellitus type 2. European Scientific Journal 2018; 14(15): 1857–7881.
6.
Rodin J, Salovey P. Psychologia zdrowia. In: Heszer-Niejodek I, Sęk H. Psychologia zdrowia. PWN-Warszawa 2007;25.
7.
Łosiak W. Psychologia stresu. Wydawnictwo Akademickie i Profesjonalne–Warszawa 2008.
8.
Strom J, Egede L. The impact of social support on outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Current Diabetes Reports 2012; 12(6): 769–781.
9.
Mayberry L, Osborn C. Family support medication adherence, and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1239–1245.
10.
Kang C, Chang S, Chen P. Comparison of family partnership interven- tion care vs. conventional care in adult patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in a community hospital: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nurse Studies 2010; 47: 1363–1373.
11.
Matej-Burym A, Burym M, Jaroszyński A. Impact of family help provided to the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes. Public Heath 2017;122(3): 265–268.
12.
Naderimagham S, Niknami S, Abolhassani F, et al. Development and psychometric properties of a new social support scale for self-care in middle-aged patients with type II diabetes (S4-MAD). BMC Public Health 2012; 28(12): 1035.
13.
McEwen M, Pasvogel A, Gallegos G, Barrera L. Type 2 diabetes self-management social support intervention at the U.S.- Mexico border. Public Health Nursing. 2010; 27(4): 310–319.
14.
Ciechanowski P, Russo J, Katon W, et al. Relationship styles and mortality in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 539–544.
15.
Łagowska-Batyra A, Rudzki G, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B. Analiza spełnienia kryteriów wyrównania metabolicznego cukrzycy typu 2 w populacji pacjentów hospitalizowanych w Klinice Endokrynologii w latach
2006–2011. Diabetologia Kliniczna 2014; 3(6): 246–255.
16.
Kudaj-Kurowska A, Turek I, Józefowska M. Wyrównanie cukrzycy u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 w świetle wytycznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Diabetologicznego. Diabetologia Kliniczna 2014; 3(3): 92–99.
17.
Fabian W, Majkowska L, Molęda P, et al. Wyrównanie cukrzycy typu 2 u chorych leczonych przez lekarzy podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej 2006; 116: 760–765.
18.
Field A, Coakley E, Must A. Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period. Archives of Internal Medicine 2001; 161: 1581–1586.
19.
Hawryluk J, Kostrzewa-Zabłocka E. Zespół wypalenia osobowości w cukrzycy typu 2. Zdrowie i Dobrostan 2015; 2: 207–221.
20.
Chyun D, Lacey K, Katten D, et al. Glucose and cardiac risk factor control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: implications for patients and providers. Diabetes Education 2006; 32(6): 925–39.
21.
Choi SE. Diet-specific family support and glucose control among Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Education 2009; 35(6):978–85.
22.
Ministerstwo Sportu i Rekreacji. Poziom aktywności fizycznej Polaków 2018. Kantar Public 2018.
23.
Huang IC, Wang PW, Liu RT, Tung SC, Chen JF, Kuo MC, Hsieh CJ., The influence of self-monitoring blood glucose frequency on the oscillation of hemoglobin A1c and chronic complications. Chang Gung Med J. 2012; 35(1): 46–53.
24.
Otto-Buczkowska E, Marciniak-Brzezińska M. Specyficzne problemy edukacji diabetologicznej. Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej 2016; 10(4): 212–218.
25.
Gomes-Villas Boas LC, Foss MC, Foss de Freitas MC, Pace AE. Rela- tionship among social support, treatment adherence and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus patients. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem 2012: 20(1): 52–58.
26.
Kara I, Zysnarska M, Adamek R. Palenie tytoniu, alkohol i aktywność fizyczna wśród pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2. Przegląd Lekarski 2012; 69(10): 944–946.
27.
NFZ Mazowiecki Oddział Wojewódzki w Warszawie. Zdrowotne Programy Profilaktyczne. http://www.nfz-warszawa.pl/dla...- wotne/ Dostęp: 14.06.2019.
28.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Notatka informacyjna. Zdrowie i zachowanie zdrowotne mieszkańców Polski w świetle Europejskiego Ankietowego Badania Zdrowia (EHIS) 2014 r., Warszawa 2015.
29.
Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Milnerowicz H. Palenie tytoniu a rozwój, progresja i leczenie cukrzycy. Przegląd Lekarski 2011; 68(10): 1005–1009.
30.
Thojampa S, Mawn B. The moderating effect of social cognitive factorson self-management activities and HbA1c in Thai adults with type-2 diabetes. International Journal Nurses of Science 2017; 1(4): 34–37.
31.
Gomes LC, Coelhoa ACM, Gomides DS, et al. Contribution of family social support to the metabolic control of people with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Applied Nursing Research 2015; 36: 68–76.
32.
Khymdeit E, Rao A, Narayanan P, et al. Social support influencing diabetes self-management behaviors: A cross-sectional study in Udupi Taluk. Indian Journal of Health Sciences 2016; 19(2): 154–146.
33.
Rosland A, Kieffer E, Israel B, et al. When is social support important? The association of family support and professional support with spe- cific diabetes self menagement behaviors. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2008; 23: 1992–9.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2084-4905 |
| ISSN: | 2083-4543 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
