REVIEW PAPER
The role of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 and ghrelin in somatic development of foetus
1
Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu
2
Klinika Stomatologii Zachowawczej i Periodontologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu
Corresponding author
Jacek Piątek
Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu ul. Święcickiego 6, 60–781 Poznań
Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu ul. Święcickiego 6, 60–781 Poznań
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2016;22(3):216-220
KEYWORDS
growth hormoneinsulin-like growth factor 1proteins binding insulin-like growth factorsghrelinfoetal development
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
Somatic development of an organism is a complex and dynamic process conditioned by many foetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors. Both nutritional and endocrine signals are of key importance for the provision of normal growth and differentiation of cells, organs, and systems. Disturbances in this respect may exert a negative effect, not only on the growth of the foetus, but also on the health of children in the future. The article presents the importance of endocrine regulators, including the growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and ghrelin in the development of foetus.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The pituitary gland, which secretes growth hormone, is the central link in the system controlling the mechanisms of the regulation of growth. In the hypothalamic-pituitary -peripheral tissues system, other growth factors are also produced, including insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2, called somatomedins, which together with proteins binding them activate metabolic processes and stimulate the growth of the foetus. In addition, studies conducted in recent years show that ghrelin may also play a crucial role in the regulation of growth during the foetal and neonatal periods.
Summary:
Pituitary growth hormone does not significantly affect the processes of foetal development. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is one of the important factors engaged in the regulation of growth at the early stage of embryo and foetal development. Ghrelin, which may participate in the compensation of intrauterine malnutrition and promotion of post-natal development, also plays an important role in the development of the foetus.
Somatic development of an organism is a complex and dynamic process conditioned by many foetal, maternal, placental, and environmental factors. Both nutritional and endocrine signals are of key importance for the provision of normal growth and differentiation of cells, organs, and systems. Disturbances in this respect may exert a negative effect, not only on the growth of the foetus, but also on the health of children in the future. The article presents the importance of endocrine regulators, including the growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and ghrelin in the development of foetus.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The pituitary gland, which secretes growth hormone, is the central link in the system controlling the mechanisms of the regulation of growth. In the hypothalamic-pituitary -peripheral tissues system, other growth factors are also produced, including insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2, called somatomedins, which together with proteins binding them activate metabolic processes and stimulate the growth of the foetus. In addition, studies conducted in recent years show that ghrelin may also play a crucial role in the regulation of growth during the foetal and neonatal periods.
Summary:
Pituitary growth hormone does not significantly affect the processes of foetal development. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is one of the important factors engaged in the regulation of growth at the early stage of embryo and foetal development. Ghrelin, which may participate in the compensation of intrauterine malnutrition and promotion of post-natal development, also plays an important role in the development of the foetus.
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