Background:
The number of transplantations in Poland has been observed for many years; unfortunately, compared with other countries, it is not satisfactory. Ex vivo transplantations are transplantations from living donors. Familial transplantations have never accounted for more than 5% t of all organ transplants performed annually in Poland.

Objective:
The objective of the study was consideration of the existing situation from the legal and psychological aspects. Also, the researchers undertake an attempt to provide and answer to the question concerning the low number of familial transplantations in Poland. The subsequent role of the study is promotion of contemporary transplantation and overcoming psychological barriers.

Current state of knowledge:
In order to transplant cells, tissues or organs, formal criteria must be fulfilled. In Poland, this is regulated by the Act of 1 July 2005, with amendment of 2009, in the matter of cells, tissues and organs harvesting, preservation and transplantation. However, due to various psychological problems connected with the transplantation from living donors, organ transplantation raises a number of issues that interest transplantation psychologists.

Conclusions:
Polish law favours positive decisions regarding transplantations. However, the psychological resistance of society still constitutes the main barrier. Promotion and support of contemporary transplantation, strengthening family relations, and popularization of discussion on difficult topics is therefore essential.