Introduction: Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract are important risk factors of paediatric urolithiasis. In such cases,
the diagnostic and therapeutic management is complex and in many cases surgical procedures are indicated.
Case report: The case is presented of a 3-year-old boy with unilateral duplication of the left kidney and the left ureter,
as well as staghorn urolithiasis located in the inferior pyelocaliceal system of the affected kidney. Since the lower pole of
the left kidney was nonfunctioning, haeminephrectomy was performed. The surgery was followed by a fast expanding
pseudoaneurysm of the renal segmental artery and reoperation was required.
Conclusions: Pseudoaneurysm formation following a partial renal resection is a very rare complication, but indicates the
possible problems with urological management of paediatric urolithiasis. In the opinion of the authors, the special nephrourological
centres are necessary to improve the quality of treatment of such a group of patients.
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