Chronic kidney disease is a disease syndrome that occurs when there is a gradual and permanent loss of kidney function over time. The disease process caused in the renal parenchyma resulting from damage or decrease in the number of nephrons leads to impaired renal function: excretory, secretory and metabolic. The final stage of the disease requires the implementation of a renal replacement therapy. There are several ways to treat patients with CKD: chronic dialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation. In the case of dialysis treatment, vascular access (arteriovenous fistula or dialysis catheter) should be prepared at an early stage. Among the many health problems of patients treated with chronic dialysis, cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of increased mortality among patients. The American Heart Association (AHA) has identified patients with CKD as the highest risk group for cardiovascular disease. Prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease is the same as for the general population, and the role of the nurse is to minimize the effects of the risk factors on which we are affected. Prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease is the same as for the general population, and the role of the nurse is to minimize the effects of the risk factors on which we are affected. It is also important to prevent early and late complications related to dialysis. The therapeutic team is to conduct education aimed at fighting nicotinism, controlling blood pressure and regularly taking antihypertensive drugs. Another task that is a primary concern in the prevention of cardiovascular disease is the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders.