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Wprowadzenie i cel:
Pałeczki Enterobacterales, wytwarzające karbapenemazy (CPE), to jeden ze szczepów najniebezpieczniejszych pod względem epidemiologicznym. Bakterie te cechuje łatwość rozprzestrzeniania się i zdolność do długotrwałej kolonizacji. Celem niniejszej pracy jest charakterystyka zjawiska nosicielstwa CPE i przedstawienie najnowszych metod eradykacji tych bakterii w przypadku nosicielstwa. W artykule opisano także ryzyko transformacji nosicielstwa w zakażenie wielolekoopornymi pałeczkami Gram-ujemnymi

Metody przeglądu:
Przeprowadzono przegląd artykułów na temat antybiotykoodporności pałeczek Enterobacterales wytwarzających karbapenemazy, zgromadzonych w bazie PubMed i Google Scholar. Użyto w tym celu haseł: „Enterobacteriaceae produkujące karbapenemazy”, „eradykacja CPE”, „nosicielstwo”. Wykorzystano również rekomendacje polskich i zagranicznych towarzystw naukowych.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
W Polsce na przestrzeni lat obserwuje się wzrost liczebności ognisk epidemicznych wywołanych szczepami CPE. Do najważniejszych czynników zwiększających ryzyko kolonizacji wielolekoopornymi bakteriami jest wcześniejsza hospitalizacja, szczególnie na oddziale intensywnej terapii (OIT). Istnieje wiele zmiennych warunkujących czas trwania nosicielstwa CPE. Według przeanalizowanych badań u większości pacjentów dochodzi do samoistnej dekolonizacji w ciągu jednego roku. Według literatury do metod eradykacji CPE zalicza się SDD, przeszczep mikrobioty jelitowej i probiotyki. Ponieważ brak wiarygodnych badań nad powyższymi metodami, polskie i zagraniczne towarzystwa naukowe w swych rekomendacjach nie zalecają ich rutynowego stosowania.

Podsumowanie:
Przytoczone informacje potwierdzają ryzyko wystąpienia ery poantybiotykowej. Wymagana jest intensyfikacja prac nad metodami zapobiegającymi rozprzestrzenianiu się bakterii wielolekoopornych i wiarygodne badania nad metodami ich eradykacji.


Introduction and objective:
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are the most dangerous strains from the aspect of epidemiology, characterized by their ease of spread and ability for long-term colonization. The aim of this article is to characterize the phenomenon of CPE carriage, and present the latest methods of its eradication. The article also describes the risk of transformation of carriage into infection with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli

Review methods:
A review of articles on antibiotic resistance of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar database. The search terms used were: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, CPE eradication, carriage; recommendations of Polish and foreign scientific societies.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Over the years, in Poland, an increase has been observed in the number of outbreaks caused by CPE strains. Among the most important factors increasing the risk of colonization with these multidrugresistant bacteria is early hospitalization, especially in the ICU. There are many factors determining the duration of CPE carriage. According to the studies reviewed, most patients spontaneously decolonize within a year. In the literature, methods of CPE eradication include SDD, FTM, and probiotics. In the absence of reliable studies on the above methods, Polish and foreign recommendations do not recommend their routine use.

Summary:
The cited information is a confirmation of the risk of post-antibiotic era. Intensification of work on methods to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and reliable studies on methods of CPE eradication are required

SKRÓTY
Wykaz skrótów: CPE: Enterobacterales produkujące karbapenemazy CRE: Enterobacterales oporne na karbapenemy KPC: karbapenemaza Klebsiella Pneumoniae MBL: metalo-beta-laktamazy/ β-laktamazy o aktywności karbapenemaz NDM: New Delhi metalo-β-laktamaza VIM: Verona Integron-encoded Metallo-β-lactamase IMP: metalo-B-laktamaza typu imipenamazy AmpC: β-laktamazy typu indukcyjnego lub konstytutywnego FTM: przeszczep mikroflory jelitowej SDD: selektywna dekontaminacja przewodu pokarmowego MDR-GNB: bakterie Gram-ujemne wielolekooporne.
 
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