PL EN
PRACA ORYGINALNA
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie i cel:
Niewydolność serca (HF), będąca najczęstszym schorzeniem sercowo-naczyniowym, jest głównym wyzwaniem w starzejącym się społeczeństwie. Celem badania była analiza występowania zespołu słabości i przestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych u pacjentów w podeszłym wieku z HF hospitalizowanych w szpitalnym oddziale ratunkowym (SOR). Nasze badanie miało na celu w szczególności identyfikację predyktorów nieprzestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych w tej grupie.

Materiał i metody:
Przeprowadziliśmy ankietę wśród 110 pacjentów z niewydolnością serca hospitalizowanych w SOR-ze. Do jej skonstruowania zastosowane zostały skale Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale (ACDS) i Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI).

Wyniki:
Prawie jeden na czterech pacjentów (N = 24; 21,8%) wykazywał niski poziom przestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych, podczas gdy 60% badanych (N = 66) przestrzegało ich w stopniu średnim. Obecność zespołu słabości zaobserwowano u ponad połowy pacjentów (N = 76; 69,1%). Im wyższy poziom słabości w sferze fizycznej, psychicznej i społecznej, tym niższy poziom przestrzegania zaleceń. Predyktory nieprzestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych obejmowały psychiczne komponenty słabości i liczbę hospitalizacji z powodu zaostrzeń niewydolności serca w ciągu ostatnich 2 lat. Analiza regresji wykazała, że im większe nasilenie słabości psychicznej i im większa liczba hospitalizacji, tym niższy wynik ACDS, a tym samym mniejsze przestrzeganie zaleceń dotyczących leczenia.

Wnioski:
W celu utrzymania motywacji i przestrzegania procesu leczenia pacjentom należy zapewnić wsparcie psychologiczne. Warto podkreślić rolę rodziny i lekarza rodzinnego w zapobieganiu dekompensacji HF i ponownej hospitalizacji tych pacjentów.

Introduction and objective:
Heart failure (HF), the most common cardiovascular condition, is a major challenge in an aging society. The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of frailty syndrome and adherence to therapeutic recommendations in elderly patients with HF hospitalized in a hospital emergency department (ED). The study also aimed to identify predictors of non-adherence to treatment recommendations in this group.

Material and methods:
110 heart failure patients hospitalized in ED were surveyed. The Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale (ACDS) scale and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) were used.

Results:
Almost one in 4 patients (n=24; 21.8%) demonstrated low adherence to the prescribed treatment recommendations, while 60% of subjects (n=66) showed intermediate levels of adherence. The presence of frailty syndrome was observed in more than half of the patients (n=76; 69.1%). The higher the levels of frailty in the physical, psychological and social domains, the lower the level of treatment adherence. The predictors of non-adherence to treatment recommendations included the psychological components of frailty and the number of hospitalizations for heart failure exacerbations in the past 2 years. Regression analysis shows that the greater the severity of psychological frailty and the greater the number of hospitalizations, the lower the ACDS score, and thus the worse the adherence to treatment recommendations.

Conclusions:
Psychological support should be provided to patients to maintain motivation and adherence to the treatment process. The role of the family and family physician in the prevention of HF decompensation and rehospitalization of these patients should be emphasized.
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ISSN:2083-4543
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