Introduction and Objective:
Children burdened with thyroid dysfunction belong to the group at high risk of development of dental caries, and in these children changes in the image of the oral mucosa are more often observed. Dental caries occurs both in the primary and permanent dentition. It is characterized by a dynamic course with poorly visible clinical image. Prevention of the development of caries and other acute inflammatory states in the oral cavity is especially important because of the presence of the general weakness in the child which, in consequence, may lead to the development of sepsis and a life-threatening condition. The aim of the study is presentation of the scope of problems concerning dental care of children with thyroid dysfunction.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Apart from macroglossia, delayed tooth eruption belongs to the symptoms of hypothyroidism observed in the oral cavity. This is a consequence of thyroid hormone deficiency, which consequently leads to the slowing down of metabolism, growth, and bone maturation. As a result of hyperthyroidism, acceleration of anabolic, as well as catabolic processes may be observed in the skeletal system. Both bone and dental age are accelerated. Premature eruption of teeth and milk teeth replacement by the permanent teeth are observed, as well as root tooth resorption, destruction of the marginal periapical periodontium.

Summary:
Considering an increased susceptibility of dental tissue to caries, changes should be detected at an early stage of development and treated instantly. Plaque control is very important because of the propensity of patients with thyroid disease to periodontitis, and, in consequence, to accelerated crestal bone loss.