Introduction and objective:
The article analyzes the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination strategy in Poland, and compares this strategy to other programmes implemented in Europe and worldwide. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the vaccination programme approved in 2023. It also suggests measures that, if implemented, could improve the effectiveness of the programme and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.

Review methods:
A literature review of HPV immunization was conducted using electronic databases (Pubmed) supplemented by an analysis of guidelines and vaccination strategies from other countries, as well as data and statistics provided by Polish state authorities (CEZ, NFZ, MZ, GIS, AOTMiT, ABM). Key words used during the literature review were: HPV vaccination strategy, HPV vaccination implementation, HPV vaccines, HPV immunization barriers, HPV immunization program, and HPV immunization rates. HPV vaccination strategy guidelines published before 2016 were excluded.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
HPV is a common infection associated with many cancers, including cervical cancer. In Poland, the vaccination rate is low, compared to other West European countries, such as Norway and Sweden. The Polish Vaccination Programme aims to have 60% of the population vaccinated by 2028. The implementation of these goals faces barriers, such as low awareness in the target groups and logistical problems related to the access to vaccines.

Summary:
Poland has made significant progress in protecting the population against HPV. Educational activities and removal of administrative barriers are essential factors leading to increased vaccination rates. Compared to other countries, Poland still has much to do to catch up in order to achieve a level of protection comparable to countries with the highest vaccination rates.