Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella – Zoser virus, and is one of the most common infectious diseases of childhood. In most cases, its course is benign. The main symptoms are: loss of appetite, headache, weakness, fever. Acne occurs gradually during the disease, in various stages of development, rapidly develops from pustules and spots a short persistent scarring. Infants and adults, especially people with weakened immune systems suffer from chickenpox much harder than most children. Severe varicella, as well as its serious complications, are rare. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological situation of chickenpox in the district of Zamość in 2010–2011. Analysis of the epidemiological situation was based on pooled data of cases of infectious diseases available in the District Sanitary – Epidemiological Station in Zamość. Incidence in Zamość and the Zamość district in 2011 was 613.81 per 100,000, an increase of 11.63% compared to 2010. Chickenpox is a highly contagious childhood diseases. It is characterized by seasonality, the incidence increases in winter and spring. Most cases are recorded among children aged 5–9 years of age. The most effective way to prevent the contraction of varicella is vaccination in children and adults who did not previously have the disease. The introduction of universal and compulsory vaccination in many countries caused a decrease in the incidence of chickenpox. With compulsory vaccination, the child is protected against the severe course of the disease.