PL EN
PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie i cel:
Częstość występowania syndromu drugiej ofiary jest trudna do oszacowania, ale badania sugerują, że może on dotyczyć od 9 do 38,7% pracowników ochrony zdrowia. Niniejszy przegląd ma na celu zdefiniowanie zjawiska „drugiej ofiary” w kontekście niepożądanych zdarzeń medycznych oraz ocenę jego wpływu na personel medyczny. Dodatkowo skupia się na analizie strategii wsparcia zdrowia psychicznego i efektywności zawodowej pracowników ochrony zdrowia.

Metody przeglądu:
W ramach przeglądu narracyjnego przeprowadzono systematyczne przeszukiwanie literatury w trzech głównych bazach danych: PubMed, Web of Science oraz Science Direct.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Badania wskazują, że personel medyczny jako druga ofiara doświadcza objawów psychologicznych i fizycznych po zdarzeniu, takich jak: nieustające poczucie winy, utrata wiary we własne umiejętności zawodowe, depresja, myśli samobójcze, wypalenie zawodowe, a także zaburzenia snu czy odżywiania. Zjawisko to może również prowadzić do wystąpienia zespołu stresu pourazowego (PTSD). Co równie ważne, syndrom drugiej ofiary wpływa negatywnie na wydajność pracy, a więc jakość opieki nad pacjentami, i może skłaniać personel do praktykowania medycyny defensywnej, zwiększając koszty i ryzyko popełniania kolejnych błędów. Kluczowe jest zatem zapewnienie pracownikom ochrony zdrowia wsparcia, aby uchronić ich przed długoterminowymi skutkami syndromu.

Podsumowanie:
Zrozumienie syndromu drugiej ofiary i skuteczne programy wsparcia dla pracowników ochrony zdrowia są kluczowe dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa pacjentów i dobrostanu personelu medycznego. Organizacja ochrony zdrowia powinna podejmować wysiłki w celu integrowania tych aspektów w ramach systemów opieki zdrowotnej.


Introduction and objective:
This review aims to define the phenomenon of the ‘second victim’ in the context of adverse medical events and to assess its impact on medical personnel. The prevalence of second victim syndrome is difficult to estimate, but research suggests that it may affect between 9% – 38.7% of healthcare workers. In addition, the review focuses on analyzing support strategies for mental health and the professional effectiveness of healthcare workers.

Review methods:
The review comprised a systematic literature search in three main databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Research indicates that medical personnel, as the second victim, experience psychological and physical symptoms after the event, such as constant guilt, loss of faith in professional skills, depression, suicidal thoughts, and professional burnout, as well as sleep or eating disorders. The phenomenon can also lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Equally important, the second victim syndrome negatively affects work efficiency, and the quality of patient care and may encourage staff to practice defensive medicine, increasing the costs and risk of making further mistakes. Providing support to protect healthcare workers from the long-term effects of the syndrome is crucial.

Summary:
Understanding second victim syndrome and effective support programmes are key to improving patient safety and the well-being of healthcare workers. Efforts should be undertaken by healthcare organizations in such a way as to integrate these aspects within healthcare systems.

Gibalska-Dembek A, Sys DN. Medical personnel as the ‘second victim’ of an adverse medical event – narrative review. Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2024; 30(2): 104–111. doi: 10.26444/monz/189260
REFERENCJE (44)
1.
Wu AW. Medical error: the second victim. BMJ. 2000;320:726–727.
 
2.
Scott SD, Hirschinger LE, Cox KR, et al. Caring for our own: deploying a systemwide second victim rapid response team. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2010;36:233–240.
 
3.
Vanhaecht K, Seys D, Russotto S, et al. An Evidence and Consensus- Based Definition of Second Victim: A Strategic Topic in Healthcare Quality, Patient Safety, Person-Centeredness and Human Resource Management. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19.
 
4.
Clarkson MD, Haskell H, Hemmelgarn C, Skolnik PJ. Abandon the term “second victim.” BMJ. 2019;l1233.
 
5.
Gómez-Durán EL, Tolchinsky G, Martin-Fumadó C, Arimany-Manso J. Neglecting the “second victim” will not help harmed patients or improve patient safety. BMJ. 2019;l2167.
 
6.
Burlison JD, Scott SD, Browne EK, et al. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool: Validation of an Organizational Resource for Assessing Second Victim Effects and the Quality of Support Resources. J Patient Saf. 2017;13:93–102.
 
7.
Ozeke O, Ozeke V, Coskun O, Budakoglu II. Second victims in health care: current perspectives. AMEP. 2019;10:593–603.
 
8.
Busch IM, Moretti F, Campagna I, et al. Promoting the Psychological Well-Being of Healthcare Providers Facing the Burden of Adverse Events: A Systematic Review of Second Victim Support Resources. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18.
 
9.
Plews-Ogan M, May N, Owens J, et al. Wisdom in Medicine: What Helps Physicians After a Medical Error? Acad Med. 2016;91:233–241.
 
10.
Mira JJ, Carrillo I, Lorenzo S, et al. The aftermath of adverse events in Spanish primary care and hospital health professionals. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:151.
 
11.
Busch IM, Moretti F, Purgato M, et al. Psychological and Psychosomatic Symptoms of Second Victims of Adverse Events: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Patient Saf. 2020;16:e61-e74.
 
12.
Buhlmann M, Ewens B, Rashidi A. Moving on after critical incidents in health care: A qualitative study of the perspectives and experiences of second victims. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78:2960–2972.
 
13.
Schrøder K, Jørgensen JS, Lamont RF, Hvidt NC. Blame and guilt – a mixed methods study of obstetricians’ and midwives’ experiences and existential considerations after involvement in traumatic childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016;95:735–745.
 
14.
Jones JH, Treiber LA. More Than 1 Million Potential Second Victims: How Many Could Nursing Education Prevent? Nurse Educ. 2018;43:154–157.
 
15.
Shanafelt TD. Special Report: Suicidal Ideation Among American Surgeons. Arch Surg. 2011;146:54.
 
16.
Scarpis E, Castriotta L, Ruscio E, et al. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool: A Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation in Italy (IT-SVEST). J Patient Saf. 2022;18:88–93.
 
17.
Knudsen T, Abrahamsen C, Jørgensen JS, Schrøder K. Validation of the Danish version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool. Scand J Public Health. 2022;50:497–506.
 
18.
Koca A, Elhan AH, Genç S, et al. Validation of the Turkish version of the second victim experience and Support Tool (T-SVEST). Heliyon. 2022;8:e10553.
 
19.
Yan L, Tan J, Chen H, et al. Experience and support of Chinese healthcare professionals as second victims of patient safety incidents: A cross-sectional study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2022;58:733–743.
 
20.
Harrison R, Lawton R, Perlo J, et al. Emotion and Coping in the Aftermath of Medical Error. Journal of Patient Safety. 2015;11:28–35.
 
21.
Popiel A, Zawadzki B, Bielecki M, et al. Czy doświadczenie pandemii może prowadzić do pourazowego zaburzenia stresowego (PTSD)? Wyniki badania COVID-STRES. In: Paluchowski WJ, Bakiera L, editors. Psychospołeczny obraz pierwszej fali pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce, Poznań, 2021. p. 45–58.
 
22.
Kerkman T, Dijksman LM, Baas MAM, et al. Traumatic Experiences and the Midwifery Profession: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Dutch Midwives. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health. 2019;64:435–442.
 
23.
Baas MAM, Scheepstra KWF, Stramrood CAI, et al. Work-related adverse events leaving their mark: a cross-sectional study among Dutch gynecologists. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18:73.
 
24.
Brannon C. An investigation of the relationship between the second victim phenomenon and occupational burnout in healthcare. 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11244/3... (access: 20.02.2024).
 
25.
Rodriquez J, Scott SD. When Clinicians Drop Out and Start Over after Adverse Events. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. 2018;44:137–145.
 
26.
Gerven EV, Seys D, Panella M, et al. Involvement of health-care professionals in an adverse event: the role of management in supporting their workforce. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2014;124:313–320.
 
27.
Pellino IM, Pellino G. Consequences of defensive medicine, second victims, and clinical-judicial syndrome on surgeons’ medical practice and on health service. Updates Surg. 2015;67:331–337.
 
28.
Pasowicz M. Zdrowie i medycyna – wyzwania przyszłości. Krakow, 2013.
 
29.
Denham CR. TRUST: The 5 Rights of the Second Victim. Journal of Patient Safety. 2007;3:107–119.
 
30.
Edrees HH, Wu AW. Does One Size Fit All? Assessing the Need for Organizational Second Victim Support Programs. J Patient Saf. 2021;17:e247-e254.
 
31.
World Health Organizations. Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021– 2030: Towards Zero Patient Harm in Health Care. 2020. https://www. who.int/docs/default-source/patient-safety/1st-draft-global-patientsafety- action-plan-august-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=9b1552d2_4 (access: 20.02.2024).
 
32.
The WHO Health Worker Safety Charter. 2000. https://www.who.int/ docs/default-source/world-patient-safety-day/health-worker-safetycharter- wpsd-17-september-2020–3–1.pdf?sfvrsn=2cb6752d_2 (access: 28.04.2024).
 
33.
de Bienassis K, Slawomirski L, Klazinga N. „The economics of patient safety. Part IV: Safety in the workplace: Occupational safety as the bedrock of resilient health systems”. OECD Health Working Papers. 2021 No. 130, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/ b25b8c39-en.
 
34.
May N, Plews-Ogan M. The role of talking (and keeping silent) in physician coping with medical error: A qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling. 2012;88:449–454.
 
35.
Edrees HH, Morlock L, Wu AW. Do Hospitals Support Second Victims? Collective Insights From Patient Safety Leaders in Maryland. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. 2017;43:471–483.
 
36.
Schrøder K, Edrees HH, Christensen R dePont, et al. Second victims in the labor ward: Are Danish midwives and obstetricians getting the support they need? Int J Qual Health Care. 2019;31:583–589.
 
37.
Edrees H, Connors C, Paine L, et al. Implementing the RISE second victim support programme at the Johns Hopkins Hospital: a case study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e011708.
 
38.
Merandi J, Liao N, Lewe D, et al. Deployment of a Second Victim Peer Support Program: A Replication Study. Pediatric Quality & Safety. 2017;2:e031.
 
39.
Walsh P. What is a “just culture”? Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management. 2019;24:5–6.
 
40.
Action against Medical Accidents. A vision of what a “just culture” should look like for patients and healthcare staf. 2021. https://www.avma.org.uk/wp-con... (access: 20.02.2024).
 
41.
Dekker S. Just culture: restoring trust and accountability in your organization. 3rd ed. Boca Raton; 2017.
 
42.
Hughes S. The Development of a Just Culture in the HSE. 2022. https:// www.hse.ie/eng/about/who/nqpsd/qps-incident management/justculture- overview.pdf (access: 20.02.2024).
 
43.
Linthorst GE, Kallimanis-King BL, Douwes Dekker I, et al. What contributes to internists’ willingness to disclose medical errors?. Neth J Med. 2012;70:242.
 
44.
Van Baarle E, Hartman L, Rooijakkers S, et al. Fostering a just culture in healthcare organizations: experiences in practice. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:1035.
 
eISSN:2084-4905
ISSN:2083-4543
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top