Introduction:
The article attempts to indicate the necessity to undertake legislative changes in view of the changing conditions of treatment, increased awareness of citizens – patients. The authors present selected views on the semantic approach to medical error, referring to the developed views of the doctrine for the rest.

Objective:
The aim of the review is to demonstrate that, in view of the complex problems associated with the settlement of medical error cases, the pursuit of claims in out-of-court proceedings could be an attractive alternative to the current model of regulation

Review methods:
An overview of current knowledge is presented about legal problems occurring in the medical environment. The following primary methods were used: analysis of case law and a review of literature, and dogmaticlegal analysis. The historical-legal method was used as an auxiliary, to the extent that it was necessary to show the evolution of the adopted legal-medical solutions.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The pursuit of claims in out-of-court proceedings could be an attractive alternative to the current model of regulation. Hence, a new solution adopted by the legislator in 2023 was signalled – creation of the Medical Event Compensation Fund Benefits Team.

Summary:
Due to the extensive thematic scope of the work, the review is limited to presenting selected views on legal problems occurring in the field of liability of doctors and medical entities, the semantic approach to medical error, categorization of medical errors, and refer the reader to the rich literature in the field of medical law.