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Wprowadzenie i cel:
Czekolada to jeden z najchętniej wybieranych produktów spożywczych na całym świecie. Niekiedy już sam zapach czy konsystencja wywołują wśród konsumentów poczucie szczęścia. Mimo iż gorzka czekolada wydaje się produktem powszechnie znanym, krąży o niej mnóstwo błędnych informacji opartych na niepełnych bądź przestarzałych danych, które ze względu na jej rosnącą popularność należałoby uaktualnić. Celem niniejszej pracy było podsumowanie dostępnych doniesień naukowych i na ich podstawie sformułowanie klarownych wniosków.

Metody przeglądu:
Przeglądu badań naukowych dokonano z wykorzystaniem elektronicznych baz danych, takich jak PubMed oraz Google Scholar. Do ich przeszukiwania użyto następujących sformułowań oraz ich kombinacji: „gorzka czekolada”, „kakao”, „prozdrowotne odziaływanie”, „przeciwskazania”, „następstwa spożycia”.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Gorzka czekolada to produkt łączący atrakcyjne cechy organoleptyczne oraz wartościowy skład. Wiele doniesień wskazuje na dobroczynny wpływ danego wyrobu kakaowego. Obiecujące wyniki badań sugerują, iż wykazuje on działanie przeciwutleniające, przeciwzapalne, sercowo-naczyniowe, neuroprotekcyjne, metaboliczne oraz przeciwdepresyjne. Jednakże pomimo wielu potencjalnie korzystnych efektów biologicznych dla ludzkiego organizmu, nie należy zapominać o ryzyku wystąpienia niepożądanych skutków. Mając na uwadze zawartość poszczególnych składników bądź ich swoiste działanie, w niektórych przypadkach rekomenduje się ograniczenie bądź definitywne zaprzestanie konsumpcji gorzkiej czekolady.

Podsumowanie:
Obecnie więcej danych wskazuje na korzyści niż na negatywne konsekwencje płynące z konsumpcji gorzkiej czekolady. Reasumując, gorzka czekolada spożywana w rozsądnych ilościach w ramach zdrowej, zbilansowanej diety wydaje się odżywczym komponentem.


Introduction and objective:
Chocolate is one of the most popular food products worldwide. Sometimes the smell or consistency alone evokes a feeling of happiness among consumers. Although dark chocolate appears to be a wellknown product, there is a lot of misinformation about it, based on incomplete or outdated data which should be updated due to its growing popularity. The aim of this study was to summarize the available scientific reports and on their basis to formulate clear conclusions.

Review methods:
Scientific research was reviewed using electronic databases, such as PubMed and Google Scholar.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Bitter chocolate is a product that combines attractive organoleptic features and a valuable composition. Many reports indicate the beneficial effect of the cocoa product. Promising research results suggest that it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, metabolic and antidepressant effects. However, despite many potentially beneficial biological effects it has on the human body, the risk of undesirable effects should not be overlooked. Taking into account the content of individual ingredients or their specific action, in some cases it is recommended to limit or permanently stop the consumption of dark chocolate.

Summary:
Currently, more data show benefits than negative consequences of consuming dark chocolate. Overall, dark chocolate appears to be a nutritional component when consumed in reasonable amounts as part of a healthy, balanced diet.

Melkis K, Milczarek KJ, Jakubczyk KP. Gorzka czekolada – niekorzystna dla zdrowia pokusa czy wartościowy komponent diety? Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2022; 28(3): 239–246. doi: 10.26444/monz/152270
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