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PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie:
Próchnica wczesnego dzieciństwa (ECC), jako będąca jedna jedną z najczęściej występujących chorób przewlekłych wieku dziecięcego, jest nadal znaczącym problemem na świecie. Jest to choroba infekcyjna zmineralizowanych tkanek zębów, która może wpływać na ogólny stan zdrowia.

Cel pracy:
Celem pracy było podsumowanie informacji na temat etiologii, występowania, objawów klinicznych i leczenia ECC, jak również konsekwencji tej choroby dla prawidłowego rozwoju.

Metody przeglądu:
Przegląd piśmiennictwa obejmował bazy PubMed oraz Google Scholar. Uwzględniono jedynie artykuły opublikowane w roku 2013 lub później.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Zachorowalność pośród w populacji różnych krajów nie jest jednolita. W niektórych krajach na ECC choruje powyżej 50% dzieci. Ponadto ECC może cechować się różnić różnąsię ciężkością przebiegu. Rozróżnia się 3 typy ECC: typ 1 (przebieg lekki do umiarkowanego), typ 2 (przebieg umiarkowany do ciężkiego), typ 3 (przebieg ciężki). Do najczęstszych czynników ryzyka należą słodzone napoje, częste spożywanie dużych ilości cukrów prostych oraz brak odpowiedniej higieny jamy ustnej. Badania wskazują, że pozycja społeczna również wpływa na prawdopodobieństwo rozwoju ECC. W zależności od ciężkości przebiegu, ECC może powodować zróżnicowane konsekwencje, które zostały podzielone na krótkoterminowe i długoterminowe. ECC może skutkować zaburzeniami w prawidłowym rozwoju.

Podsumowanie:
Odpowiednia prewencja umożliwia ograniczenie występowania ECC. Lekarze ginekolodzy i pediatrzy są pierwszymi specjalistami, którzy mają kontakt z matką i noworodkiem, dzięki czemu mogą przekazać informacje o prewencji ECC, zanim choroba wystąpi. Ostatecznie, skuteczność prewencji jest zależna od postępowania rodziców i ich chęci do przestrzegania wytycznych


Introduction:
Early Childhood Caries (ECC), one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among children, is still a severe problem worldwide. It is an infectious disease of mineralized tooth tissue that can affect general health.

Objective:
The aim of thisstudy is to summarize evidence-based knowledge on the etiology, prevalence, clinical manifestation and management of ECC, as well as its consequences for proper development.

Materials and method:
The research included the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Only articles published in 2013 and later were reviewed.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The prevalence of ECC among countries is highly inhomogeneous. It is reported that in some countries more than a half of children suffer from ECC. Furthermore, ECC can vary in severity and is classified into 3 types: type 1 (mild to moderate), type 2 (moderate to severe), type 3 (severe). The most common risk factors include beverages containing sugar, large amounts and high frequency of sugar consumption along with the lack of proper oral hygiene. Studies have shown that social background can also strongly affect the probability of ECC occurrence. Depending on severity, ECC can lead to various consequences that have been divided into short- and long-term. ECC can even cause developmental problems.

Summary:
ECC is an entirely preventable disease. It appears that the awareness of gynaecologists and paediatricians may be one of the crucial factors. These specialists are the first doctors that have contact with the mother and her infant, thanks to chich they can convey knowledge about ECC before it appears. On the other hand, the final effect depends on parent’s behaviour and willingness to apply the guidelines.

 
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