Diseases of female reproductive organs, especially cervical cancer, are, after breast cancer, one of the main causes of morbidity and prematural mortality among women in Poland. In prophylactic actions low rate of reporting for cytologic tests is an important problem. In 2009 a survey was conducted in the Lublin Region and in the Silesian Region in a group of 304 women with pathology of the uterine cervix diagnosed, concerning, among other things, the availability of gynecological care and –prophylactic examinations, including cytologic tests. The data obtained showed that only slightly more than a half of women regular perform gynecological check-up examinations, and only 35.9% of them regularly performed the cytologic test. Most frequently women reported to cytologic test on their own volition, only one in five had this test suggested by a physician. The study also showed that the level of women’s knowledge concerning the importance of cytology for their health was insufficient, as well as the lack of knowledge pertaining to other prophylactic methods (HPV vaccinations). It is recommended to intensify the educational actions with respect to this scope of problems by gynecologists, and also by primary health care physicians.