REVIEW PAPER
Dioxins and furanes in the environment and their effect on the human body
1
Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych, Zawodowych i Toksykologii, Instytut Medycyny Wsi w Lublinie
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2011;17(3):161-164
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Chemical compounds named dioxins are among important sources of environment pollution. They belong to trinuclear aromatic compounds produced, among others, as a by-product while producing some herbicides. The environmental sources of dioxins and their dissemination and conversion in the environment are presented based on available literature, including endemic dioxin risk associated with chemical production. Due to the omnipresence of dioxins in the human environment resulting from industrial and agricultural (plant protection products) production, the total elimination of human exposure to dioxins is practically impossible. The control of exposure to dioxins poisoning is aimed at the assessment of risk of the occurrence unfavourable health eff ects resulting from exposure to these compounds, and should focus on the reduction of emissions of dioxins into the environment and discontinuation of technological processes which are the sources of their production. The most important sources of human exposure to these compounds are also indicated, as are the mechanism of their toxic eff ect. The model of the eff ect of dioxins in the human body is also presented.
Chemical compounds named dioxins are among important sources of environment pollution. They belong to trinuclear aromatic compounds produced, among others, as a by-product while producing some herbicides. The environmental sources of dioxins and their dissemination and conversion in the environment are presented based on available literature, including endemic dioxin risk associated with chemical production. Due to the omnipresence of dioxins in the human environment resulting from industrial and agricultural (plant protection products) production, the total elimination of human exposure to dioxins is practically impossible. The control of exposure to dioxins poisoning is aimed at the assessment of risk of the occurrence unfavourable health eff ects resulting from exposure to these compounds, and should focus on the reduction of emissions of dioxins into the environment and discontinuation of technological processes which are the sources of their production. The most important sources of human exposure to these compounds are also indicated, as are the mechanism of their toxic eff ect. The model of the eff ect of dioxins in the human body is also presented.
REFERENCES (34)
1.
Becher H, Flesh-Janys D, Kauppinen T, et al. Cancer mortality in German male workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides and dioxins. Cancer Causes Control 1996; 7:312-321.
2.
Bertazzi PA, Zocchetti C, Guercilena S, et al. Dioxin exposure and cancer risk: a 15-year mortality study aft er the “Seveso Accident” Epidemiology 1997;8:646-752.
3.
Fingerhut MA, Halperin WE, Marlow DA et al. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. N Engl J Med 1991;324(4):312-318.
4.
Flesch-Janys D, Berger J, Gurn P et al. Exposure to polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and mortality in a cohort of workers from a herbicide-producing plant in Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany. Am J Epidemiol 1995;142:1165-1176.
5.
Kogevinas M, Becher H, Benn T et al. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols and dioxins. An ex-panded and updated international cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145(12):1061-1075.
6.
Zober A, Ott MG, Messerer P. Morbidity follow up study of BASF employees exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) aft er a 1953 chemical reactor incident. Occup Environ Med 1994;51:479-486.
9.
Wasiela T, Tam I, Tarkowski S, Krajewski J. Dioksyny – środowiskowe mzagrożenia zdrowia. Ofi cyna Wydawnicza IMP, Łodź;1999.
10.
Ahlborg UG, Brouwer A, Fingerhuct MA, et al. Impact of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls on human and environmental health, with special emphasis on applications of the toxic equivalency factor concept. Europ J Pharmacol Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1992;228:179-199
11.
Harris MW, Moore JA, Vos JG, et al. General biological eff ects of TCDD in laboratory animals. Environ Health Perspect 1973;5:101-109.
12.
Ivens IA, Loser E, Rinke M et al. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzop- dioxin in rats aft er single oral administration. Toxicology 1992;73:53- 69.
13.
Kociba RJ, Schwetz BA. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Drug Metab Rev 1982;13:387-406.
14.
Grochowalski A, Wybraniec S, Chraszcz R. Determination of PCDFs/ PCDDs in ambitne air from Cracov City, Poland. Organohalogen Compounds 1995;24:153-156.
15.
Yockim RS, Isensee AR, Jones GE. Distribution and toxicity of TCDD and 2,4,5-T in an aquatic model ecosystem. Chemosphere 1978;7:215-220.
16.
Furst P, Furst Ch, Groebel W. Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in food-stuff s from the Federal Republic if Germany. Chemosphere 1990;20:787-792.
17.
Whitlock JP. Th e regulation of gene expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin. Pharmacol Rev 1987;39:147-161.
18.
Okey AB. Enzyme induction in the cytochrome P-450 system. Pharmacol Th er 1990;45:241-298.
19.
Carrier G, Brunet R C, Brodeur J. Modeling of the toxicocinetics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in mammalians including humans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1995;131:253-266.
20.
Diliberto JJ, Burgin D, Birnbaum LS. Role of CYP1A2 in hepatic sequestration of dioxin: studies using CYP1A2 knock-out mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;.236:431-433.
21.
Piskorska-Pliszczyńska J, Morrison V, Zacharewski T, et al. DNA binding properties of the Ah receptor in wild-type and wariant mouse hepatoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 1991;290:362–368.
22.
Poiger H, Schlatter C. Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in man. Chemosphere 1986;15:1489-1494.
24.
Wesela T, et al. Dioksyny – środowiskowe zagrożenie zdrowia. Łodź. Ofi cyna Wydawnicza IMP. 1999.
25.
Moore JA, McConnell EE, Dalgard DW, et al. Comparative toxicity of three halogenated dibenzofurans in guinea pigs, mice, and rhesus monkeys. Ann NY Acad Sci 1979;320:151-163.
26.
Henk JW, New MA, Kociba RJ,et al. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop- dioxin: acute oral toxicity in hamsters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1981;59:405-407.
27.
Goldstein JA, Hickman P, Bergman H, Vos JG. Hepatic porphyria induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the mouse. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1973;6:919-928.
28.
McConnell EE, Moore JA, Dalgard DW. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin in Rhesus monkeys following a single oral dose. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1978;43:175-187.
29.
Waern F, Flodstroms S, Busk T, et al. Relative liver tumour promoting activity and toxicity of some polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran-congeners in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991;69:450-458.
30.
Gregoraszczuk EL, Zabielny E, Pieklo R, et al. Eff ects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) on luteal cell function. Tissue culture approach. Organohalogen Compounds 1999;42:67-71.
32.
Beck H, Eckart K, Marthar W, et al. Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in adipose tissue of occupationally exposed workers. Chemosphere 1989;18:507-516.
33.
Peper M, Klett M, Frentzel-Beyme R, Hell WD. Neuropsychological eff ect of chronic exposure to environmental dioxins and furans. Envi-ro Res 1993;60:124-135.
34.
Zober A, Messerer P, Huber P. Th irty-four-year mortality follow-up of BASF employees exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD aft er the 1953 accident. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1990;62:139-1 57.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2084-4905 |
| ISSN: | 2083-4543 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
