In recent years, an increase has been noted in the number of scientific reports dealing with the scope of issues concerning the effect of environmental co0nditioning on the state of human health. Numerous views and conclusions included in these publications increasingly more often confirm that, in the majority of cases, environmental conditioning decides about the state of health. The experimental studies, as well as epidemiological observations, indicate that the presence in the environment of additional factors (adjuvants) may exert a significant influence on the development and dynamics of many diseases, including allergy. This is probably associated with the appearance of new elements in the human environment (in-cluding chemical substances), which are the effect of civilisation development, or the lifestyle associated with it. Usually, the human body is exposed to many factors of various concentration or intensity. The effects of such exposure depend not only on the qualitative and qualitative composition of the chemical compounds in effect, but also on the possibilities of the occurrence of interactions between various substances. Many chemical substances are known which exert an effect on the development of allergic diseases; however, evaluation of this effect is a difficult and complex process. This is connected with the abundance of sources of the origin of those substances, simultaneous exposure to the same substances from many sources, difficulties in the verification of all hazardous factors, and individual susceptibility of the body. The article presents chemical compounds, present mainly in the ambient and indoor air, which are important from the aspect of environmental risk associated with an adequate functioning of the immune system with respect to allergic diseases