The 20th century shaped three basic models of social security. These are: a liberal model - where the market plays a more important role in the creation of social opportunities, a sociodemocratic model – the state is dominant, and a mediocre conservative model. The majority of social security models functioning worldwide possess solutions taken from various systems, therefore very difficult to determine. These solutions were shaped by economic development, culture, tradition, or the system of values adopted by an individual society. The systemic solution are intermingled and supplementary, creating a varied mosaic. They may therefore be defined as models combining liberalism and egalitarism, in which the solidariity principle is applied. It is worthwhile emphasizing that only the countries with a conservative model - including Poland, Germany and France - possess separate institutions responsible for the insurance of farmers. In the remaining countries, farmers use the system in the same way as other citizens. The division into the above-mentioned models has been made based on criteria such as subjective and objective security, institutions responsible for social security, and the models of financing. Many years of experience have shown that constantly developing new economic, social, and geopolitical factors will continue to shape the insurance systems in the way that they are possibly most fully responsive to social needs, both of the employees of the agricultural sector, and the general population.