Back pain is an increasingly frequent social problem. It causes considerable limitations in performing daily life and occupational activities, which is associated with the deterioration of the quality of life. In addition, it is the cause of exceedingly frequent consumption of drugs, and when becoming a chronic pain, is one of the causes of decreased mood and occurrence of the symptoms of depression. Back pain is probably connected with the evolution of the body axis, assuming of an erect position by man, type of occupation performed, body weight and life mode. The most frequent cause of back pain is intervertebral disc disease and degenerative changes. Symptomatic etiology of pain should always be borne in mind. The treatment depends on the intensity of pain, its duration, and causes. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiseptic, and myorelaxant drugs are applied. Rehabilitation is a very import element in therapy. In chronic pain, antidepressants are used. Considering the growing problem of back pain, it is important to promote an active style of life, avoid an excessive spine load, and the preparation of a patient for coping with already existing pain.