PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
Leki przeciwdrgawkowe stosowane w zaburzeniach związanych z nadużywaniem alkoholu
Więcej
Ukryj
1
5th year student, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
2
6th year student, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Autor do korespondencji
Alicja Góral
Faculty of Medicine, Medical University,
Lublin, Poland
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie i cel:
Niniejszy artykuł miał na celu przegląd piśmiennictwa w poszukiwaniu leków przeciwdrgawkowych
stosowanych w leczeniu zaburzeń związanych z nadużywaniem alkoholu. Stały się one przedmiotem badań jako alternatywa dla obecnej terapii, której celem jest uzyskanie trwałej abstynencji lub wywołanych alkoholem.
Metody przeglądu:
Przeglądu literatury dokonano przy użyciu bazy danych PubMed i Google Scholar. Przeanalizowano publikacje z lat 2015–2024, a jako kryteria wyszukiwania zastosowano następujące słowa kluczowe: „zaburzenia związane z używaniem alkoholu”, „zespół abstynencyjny”, „leki przeciwdrgawkowe”.
Opis stanu wiedzy:
Zaburzenia związane z używaniem alkoholu mogą objawiać się jako nawracające i gwałtowne
pragnienie jego spożywania, a także jako przewlekłe intensywne picie, a wszelkie jego ograniczenia prowadzą do zespołu abstynencyjnego. Nadużywanie alkoholu można zdiagnozować na podstawie kryteriów DSM-5 lub ICD-11. Patogeneza
AUD jest związana ze zwiększoną ilością spożywanego
etanolu, co prowadzi do nadmiernej aktywności receptorów
GABAergicznych i zmniejszonej aktywności receptorów glutaminergicznych. Narzędziem przesiewowym stosowanym w celu wykrywania problemów związanych z nadużywaniem alkoholu jest test AUDIT, podczas gdy negatywne skutki jego odstawienia oceniane są za pomocą protokołu CIWA-AR. Leki przeciwdrgawkowe są aktualnie lekami drugiego rzutu w leczeniu, a najbardziej obiecujące wyniki badań zaobserwowano w przypadku gabapentyny i topiramatu.
Podsumowanie:
Obecnie odnotowuje się pewne korzyści z podawania leków przeciwpadaczkowych w chorobach
związanych z nadużywaniem alkoholu, ale ze względu na brak wystarczających badań w tym zakresie nie zaleca się ich rutynowego stosowania. Mogą one być brane pod uwagę, gdy u pacjenta występują choroby współistniejące i nie ma przeciwwskazań do ich przyjmowania.
Introduction and objective:
This study was designed to review the literature in search of current anticonvulsants for
the treatment of alcohol-related diseases. As an alternative to the currently applied medicaments, antiepileptic drugs have become the focus of research so that patients can achieve permanent abstinence or reduce the bothersome alcoholinduced symptoms.
Review methods:
The literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar database. Publications
from 2015–2024 were analyzed and the following keywords were used as search criteria: „alcohol use disorder,” „alcohol withdrawal syndrome,” „anticonvulsant drugs.”
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) can manifest itself as either a recurrent and violent desire to consume alcohol or chronic heavy drinking. While attempting to stop drinking, patients experience the
symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Alcohol abuse can be clinically diagnosed on the basis of DSM-5 or ICD-11 criteria. The pathogenesis of AUD is connected with the increased amount of ethanol consumed, the excess of which leads to increased activity of GABAergic receptors and decreased activity of glutamatergic receptors. The AUDIT test was created to screen for problems with significant alcohol
abuse, while the negative effects of alcohol withdrawal are assessed by the CIWA-AR protocol. Anticonvulsants are currently second-line drugs for the treatment of alcoholrelated disorders. The most promising study results have been observed with gabapentin and topiramate
Summary:
Currently, some benefits of administering antiepileptic drugs in alcohol-related diseases have been
noted, but due to lack of sufficient research their routine use is not recommended. Anticonvulsants can be considered an option when the patient has comorbidities and when there are no contraindications to the drugs applied.
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