Introduction:
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important etiological factors causing fatal central nervous system infections, sepsis and infection in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to present current information concerning infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes coccobacillus in humans, and assessment of the epidemiological situation in Poland in 2014, compared with the previous year. Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, nonsporulating coccobacillus, commonly found in the environment. This organism is widely prevalent in nature, especially in soil, animal feed, and water. A characteristic feature is the ability of the bacteria to multiply at 2–4° C, and for this reason, food ready for consumption which is stored in these conditions may be the source of infection in humans. Infection with this microorganism most often takes place by the oral route, except for infection of the foetus and newborn, passed through the placenta or during birth through an infected birth canal. Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen particularly dangerous for newborns, pregnant women and people with weakened immunity, as a result of illness or medication. In all the risks that entail the surrounding environment, the role of prevention is most important, as well as knowledge about how to prevent infection and proper hygienic habits.