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PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
Objawy, powikłania i leczenie obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Katedra i Zakład Stomatologii Wieku Rozwojowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
 
2
Katedra i Zakład Ortopedii Szczękowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Jolanta Szymańska
Katedra i Zakład Stomatologii Wieku Rozwojowego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
 
 
Med Og Nauk Zdr. 2013;19(4):391-396
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie:
Obturacyjny bezdech senny (OBS) to choroba, która charakteryzuje się występowaniem co najmniej pięciu 10-sekundowych epizodów bezdechu (apnea) lub znacznych spłyceń oddychania (hypopnea), z towarzyszącym spadkiem wysycenia krwi tętniczej tlenem o 2–4% na godzinę snu, przy zachowanych, a nawet nasilonych, ruchach mięśni oddechowych. Celem pracy było przedstawienie aktualnej wiedzy na temat objawów, powikłań i metod leczenia OBS. OBS jest chorobą rozwijającą się stopniowo, często początek jest niezauważalny dla pacjentów i ich rodzin. Objawy OBS występują zarówno w nocy, jak i w ciągu dnia. Wśród objawów nocnych najbardziej charakterystyczne to: chrapanie, obserwowane bezdechy, czkawka, dławienie, „połykanie powietrza” oraz częste wybudzenia. Do objawów dziennych należą: poranne zmęczenie, zmiany osobowości i zaburzenia funkcji poznawczych, impotencja i obniżenie libido. Bezdechy senne, powodujące spadki saturacji, są dla organizmu ogromnym stresem, a w ich następstwie pojawiają się ciężkie zaburzenia ogólnoustrojowe. Do najpoważniejszych należą: zaburzenia rytmu serca, nadciśnienie tętnicze, nadciśnienie płucne, zaburzenia funkcjonowania śródbłonka naczyń krwionośnych i zaburzenia metaboliczne. Do groźnych w skutkach powikłań bezdechu sennego należy ryzyko wypadków. Metody leczenia pacjentów z OBS zależą od czynników przyczynowych, które występują u konkretnego pacjenta, od nasilenia choroby i związanego z tym ryzyka rozwinięcia się powikłań zagrażających życiu. Współczesna wiedza na temat objawów, powikłań i sposobów leczenia OBS ma charakter interdyscyplinarny i stwarza możliwości wykorzystania jej w działaniach profilaktycznych, jak i skutecznej terapii OBS


Introduction:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease characterized by the occurrence of at least five 10-second pauses in breathing (apnea) or abnormally low breathing events (hypopnea) accompanied with a decrease in blood oxygen saturation by 2–4% per hour of sleep, despite continued, or even intensified, movements of respiratory muscles. The objective of this study was to present the current knowledge of symptoms, complications and methods of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. OSA is a gradually developing disease; its onset is often imperceptible to patients and their families. OSA symptoms occur both at night and during the day. The most characteristic night symptoms are: snoring, observable apneas, hiccups, choking, “air swallowing” and frequent awakenings. The day symptoms include: morning fatigue, personality changes and cognitive functions disorders, impotence and a decreased libido. Events of sleep apnea causing saturation decrease are a great stress on the organism and lead to severe systemic disorders. The most serious are: cardiac dysrhythmia, arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, blood vessel endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disorders. Increased accident risk is one of the dangerous complications of obstructive sleep apnea. Treatment methods for OSA patients depend on the causative factors, intensity of the disease and the related risk of life-threatening complications. Present-day knowledge of OSA is interdisciplinary and offers possibilities for application both in prophylaxis and in effective OSA therapy. Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, symptoms, complications, treatment

 
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